Friday, May 29, 2020

Book Review: Paul vs. James: The Battle that Shaped Christianity and Changed the World (an historical reconstruction) - by Barrie Wilson PhD




Bibliographical Information
Wilson, Barrie, PhD. Paul vs. James: The Battle that Shaped Christianity and Changed the World (an historical reconstruction). N.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2018. 191 pp.
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     Recently, I've been consumed by this book by York University (Toronto) Professor-Emeritus Barrie Wilson because it reads like a thrilling, page-turning detective novel but is filled with top-notch historical research, a fruit of Wilson's many years of New Testament scholarship.  I finished reading it promptly. This is a book I highly recommend not only to fellow academics interested in the New Testament, early Christianity, and, specifically, Pauline Studies, but also to everyone interested in a very possible (even probable) imaginative reconstruction of how the early Christians interacted with each other and zeroes in on a crucial conflict between the followers of James' ("the Lord's brother") and those of Paul and his"Christ-worshiping" followers.
     This present historical-fictional work has to be read in tandem with Wilson’s more academic work How Jesus Became Christian (Random House Canada, 2008) where he fleshes out more in detailed prose the fine points of the argument about the origins of Christianity which he presents here in a historical-fictionalized form.
     I've already known earlier, largely through my reading of British New Testament scholar Michael Goulder, that there were "two missions" in the early church (See his A Tale of Two Missions, SCM, 1994 – one of my all-time favourite books of New Testament history!). To put it simply: The dominant one tracing its lineage to the historical Jesus was led by apostolic giants such as James, the Lord’s brother and Jesus’s close companions—Peter and John. It was largely geared toward Jews. It saw itself as a form of Judaism in the style of Yeshua (Jesus) and continued to practice all the Jewish customs in the spirit of Yeshua. The other one was that headed by Paul which, of course, was directed primarily to the gentiles and stood on the revelations that Paul claimed to have had from the Christ himself and was viewed oftentimes as maverick or rogue by some disciples who knew Jesus in the flesh because of its spirit of downplaying Torah and Jewish practices and emphasizing faith in Christ. These two missions did not agree on many things—prominently, about what the continuing significance or irrelevance of “Israel” and Jewish matters were in the light of Jesus, the Christ.
     But this novelized biblical history by Wilson really puts the matter more starkly and more clearly in front of me: There was, he claims, an irreconcilable difference between the "Community of the Way" of James and his followers (among whom the protagonist "Mattai" was included) with the "Christ worshipers" of  Paul and his followers (the leaders of whom were Evodius and Ignatius -yes, THE famous apostolic father Ignatius of Antioch). 
     What Paul was trying to do was to claim that he and his movement were somehow a legitimate "development" of the religion of Israel which, after all, had a pedigree (already then) of at least over a thousand years. This was useful within the Roman Empire where "antiquity" was much respected. Besides, Paul drew converts largely from among the "God-fearers" who were associated with various Jewish synagogues in the Jewish Diaspora. 
     The book is noteworthy because it is an elaborate fleshing out of what the position of James and his followers could have been at the start of the Christian movement. According to Wilson, the followers of Yeshua in the tradition of James ("the Lord's brother") did not want to be associated with Paul's movement and that they sought to clarify at the famous "Council of Jerusalem" (circa 49 CE), that Paul's movement was an altogether different religion from the style of Judaism that Yeshua himself started and was continued by James and all the earliest disciples of Jesus who knew the "flesh and blood" rabbi from Nazareth. 
     In short, Paul was an interloper from the point of view of all the disciples who knew Yeshua because they could not see in Paul's "Christ-worshiping" movement any significant continuity with the style of Judaism advocated by Yeshua. Instead, they thought that Paul's insistence on worshiping Christ as a kind of deity who seeks to achieve an other-worldly kind of salvation through his death and resurrection while dispensing with Torah (the Law) and on everything being mediated directly through the mystical experiences of Paul/Saul himself, was NOT part of the Yeshua movement at all.
     Wow! I'm just being forced to seriously reconsider the earliest history of Christianity in a major way through this work! Kudos, Dr. Wilson for making New Testament studies this intriguing and interesting!

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