Sunday, January 17, 2021

The “Limit Experience” and What It Can Achieve

The Limit Experience in Regarding Henry: A Limit Experience Resulting in Ethical Awakening

Thinking about “Limit” Experiences and Situations

     The film Regarding Henry (1991 starring Harrison Ford and Annette Benning) [Cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regarding_Henry ] can be considered nowadays a rather unremarkable film that is too sappy and corny for an audience, many of whom are “jaded” and used to more glitzy films. I consider it though a chance to reflect on the concept of “limit.” One of my favourite theologians, the University of Chicago theologian David Tracy, considers “limit situations/experiences” a major key for understanding and reflecting about the most important questions of human life and existence and how these relate with God, spirituality, and religion.

     According to Tracy, the concept of “limit situation” refers “to those human situations wherein a human being ineluctably finds manifest a certain ultimate limit or horizon to his or her existence.” Tracy distinguishes two main kinds of existential situations: “Either those ‘boundary’ situations of guilt, anxiety, sickness and the recognition of death as one's own destiny, or those situations called 'ecstatic experiences'... intense joy, love, reassurance, creation.” (David Tracy [1975], Blessed Rage for Order, p. 105).

     Let me explain “limit” in my words. A “limit experience or situation” can be described as an intense moment when something major (either positive or negative)—be it an event, an overwhelmingly magnificent or evil person, extraordinary beauty or ugliness, a serious crisis or extraordinarily beautiful moment, or the like—so powerfully discloses the limits of human beings to understand the mysteriousness of human existence. It forces us who experience this event as “a limit” to nevertheless make at least some sense of this event’s mysteriousness that transcends the ordinary limits of human understanding. How to do that? By attempting to do an interpretation of the experience (“interpretive understanding”). That’s just a fancy way to say: When faced with a limit situation, we try to put forward a possible explanation of the event. Of course, it is obvious that the effort to make sense of limit experiences often takes place in the midst of many strong positive or negative emotions, such as hope, faith, love, anxiety, sadness, anger, fear, despair, etc., elicited by such powerful experiences.

The Limit Situation in Regarding Henry

     Let’s go back to Regarding Henry. First point for consideration: At the beginning of the film, we see that New York lawyer Henry Turner is at the top of his game. He is a tremendously successful lawyer who “has everything” in terms of worldly success. At this point, take note first that in order to reach such success in one’s career, Henry has had to work and study hard, hone his rhetorical and reasoning skills, have the right connections, and pursue everything with drive and perseverance. Being successful in life is itself an impressive feat that could not be reached without much sacrifice. Being university students, most of you are in that “struggling” stage now.

     But Henry’s life and success are obliterated in a single moment because of a seemingly random and senseless shooting that almost kills him and tragically reduces him to the state of a helpless person who has lost even the most basic of human capabilities such as walking or speaking, let alone reading or writing. This is the story’s BIG limit experience and situation. How can a whole life of hard work culminating in great success be gone in a few seconds? Such tragic experiences make us come face to face with our limits to comprehend life’s utter mysteriousness. Henry himself as well as his family and colleagues think of the whole situation as a tragedy. But is it really? (see the Zen story below)

The Change that Happens in Henry: Before & After the Limit Situation

     In the course of becoming a successful lawyer, Henry’s humanity (we understand little by little as we go on with the film) became severely compromised: He prosecuted without adequately considering the ethical rightness or wrongness of the causes he was promoting; he didn’t value much his family; he had an extramarital affair going which affected the people he loved; he didn’t have any concern for poor and marginalized people.

     But being reduced to a helpless state sort of wiped his slate clean. All the former bad, unethical habits he had as a successful lawyer were gone. Being humbled by the experience, he became a decent human being who had a high ethical sense, was connected with the joys of life (symbolized by the puppy), deeply loved his wife and daughter, cared nothing for worldly success but instead for human connection, had time for the little significant things in life that make it so much richer. It is all summarized in the words that the Turner family Latina housekeeper, Rosalina, tells him after his recovery, “I like you much better now, Mr. Henry.”

 

Wisdom (Spirituality / Philosophy of Life) in order to Face Life

     How do we react to such limit situations/experiences, particularly, negative ones? Most of us are hoping that life would go on smoothly or “good enough” for us. But real life is not so. If it isn’t already, life definitely becomes tough and hard. What can we do in order to survive and also flourish in the midst of the many setbacks and tragedies of life? This is something that we have to prepare for in order to be not completely taken by surprise by the difficulties of life.

     One message that this course on perplexing issues will emphasize is this: In order to be prepared for life (especially its suffering), we must acquire true WISDOM (not only knowledge!). (In more religious terms) We have to develop some kind of spirituality; (in more philosophical terms), we have to acquire a robust PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE (both of those expressions are contained in the word “WISDOM”) so that we could develop resiliency for the sufferings and “curve balls” of life and even find authentic flourishing, fulfillment, and happiness as human beings.

[Optional Reading]

The Zen-Daoist Tale about the Farmer and Good-Luck/Bad-Luck 

This is one of my favourite Zen stories. It tells us that what we perceive as “good luck” or “bad luck” is not often accurate because many things in life can be understood only with the passage of time and when put in the bigger context of a greater reality. This story sheds more light on the message of the film Regarding Henry.

(This version found in the public domain at: https://blog.mindfulness.com/meditation/are-these-bad-times-or-good-times-the-story-of-the-zen-farmer  )

There once was an old Zen farmer. Every day, the farmer used his horse to help work his fields and keep his farm healthy.

But one day, the horse ran away. All the villagers came by and said, “We're so sorry to hear this. This is such bad luck.” 

But the farmer responded, “Bad luck. Good luck. Who knows?”

 

The villagers were confused, but decided to ignore him. A few weeks went by and then one afternoon, while the farmer was working outside, he looked up and saw his horse running toward him. But the horse was not alone. The horse was returning to him with a whole herd of horses. So now the farmer had 10 horses to help work his fields.

All the villagers came by to congratulate the farmer and said, “Wow! This is such good luck!”

But the farmer responded, “Good luck. Bad luck. Who knows?

 

A few weeks later, the farmer's son came over to visit and help his father work on the farm. While trying to tame one of the horses, the farmer’s son fell and broke his leg. 

The villagers came by to commiserate and said, “How awful. This is such bad luck.” 

Just as he did the first time, the farmer responded, “Bad luck. Good luck. Who knows?” 

 

A month later, the farmer’s son was still recovering. He wasn’t able to walk or do any manual labor to help his father around the farm. 

A regiment of the army came marching through town conscripting every able-bodied young man to join them. When the regiment came to the farmer’s house and saw the young boy's broken leg, they marched past and left him where he lay.

Of course, all the villagers came by and said, “Amazing! This is such good luck. You're so fortunate.”

And you know the farmer’s response by now…

“Good luck. Bad luck. Who knows?”

 

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